Both childhood adversity and low parent monitoring increase the risk for nicotine dependence and these factors interact with a single nucleotide polymorphism in the alpha 5 nicotinic receptor subunit to increase nicotine dependence.
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Alpha 5 Subunit, Childhood Adversity and Nicotine Dependence
The Increased Risk of Nicotine Dependence Associated with Childhood Adversity Is Greater in Males with a Nonsynonymous SNP in the Alpha 5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Gene (CHRNA5)From a study of 2,206 European Americans in substance dependence studies (59% male). Childhood adversity was assessed with the Semi-structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism where parental death, witnessing or victim of violent crime, sexual and physical abuse were combined. The risk allele (A) of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968 reduces the response to a nicotine agonist and could act by impairing the alpha 5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediated signal acting through the medial habenula-interpeduncular pathway that limits nicotine intake. Childhood adversity increased risk for nicotine dependence in both males and females and the increase was twice as high in females but there was no interaction with genotype in females. Similar results were seen using the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence.(Constructed from data in Xie, P. et al. NeuroPsychoPharmacology advance online publication, October 2011) ©2011 NBEP
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Low parent monitoring increases the probability of nicotine dependence and this interacts with a SNP in the alpha 5 nicotinic receptor sub unit.
Low Parent Monitoring, Alpha 5 SNP and Nicotine Dependence
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