Chronic excessive alcohol use is associated with increased cancer burden and it is associated with upper digestive tract, respiratory and liver malignancies.  It is also associated with carcinomas of the esophagus and of the head and neck.  Alcohol appears to synergize with tobacco and either alcohol or smoking increases the rate of orthopharengal cancer about six times.  Alcohol use has been associated with cancer of the breast, lung, prostate, pancreas and cervix. For breast cancer there is a significant dose response relationship starting at 1 to 2 drinks per day with a 10 g increase in daily alcohol intake associated with a 9% increase in breast cancer risk. Alcohol accounts for up to 11% of breast cancer cases in it is higher in women taking postmenopausal hormone supplements. There is some evidence that increased folic acid intake may attenuate the effect of alcohol on the breast cancer. There is no safe threshold for the effects of alcohol on cancers of the oral cavity larynx and pharynx, risk is increased the more concentrated the alcohol content the risk and last even after 10 years of quitting drinking. . Alcohol does not increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma appears to be linked to cirrhosis and is increased in carriers of hepatitis B or hepatitis C.