Medications shown to be effective in standard use:
Naltrexone: Blocks opioid receptors resulting in reduced craving and reduced reward in response to drinking, contraindicated in patients using opioids. Oral dose: 50 mg daily.
Injectable naltrexone-extended release : Blocks opioid receptors with 30 days duration. Contraindicated in patients using opioids. Deep intramuscular gluteal injection, 380 mg once monthly.
Acamprosate: Alters glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems. Contraindicated in severe renal impairment. Oral dose: 666 mg 3 times daily.
Disulfiram: Inhibits up of the aldehyde dehydrogenase resulting in a buildup of acetaldehyde and a reaction of blushing, sweating, nausea and tachycardia if the patient drinks alcohol. Oral dose: 250 mg daily.
Medications shown to be effective in some studies:
Topiramate: Thought to work by stimulating GABA neurotransmission and reducing glutamate transmission. Initial oral dose: 25 mg increasing to target dose of 200 mg per day.
Bromocriptine: A dopamine agonist. Oral dose: up to 5 mg three times daily.
Ondansetron: A serotonin 3 receptor antagonist found to be more effective in early-onset alcoholics than late-onset alcoholics. Oral dose: 4 mcg twice daily.
Varenicline: A nicotinic receptor partial agonist, oral dose up to 2 mg per day.
Memantine: A NMDA receptor antagonist has been shown to reduce alcohol craving.
Corticotrophin receptor antagonists: Have been shown in numerous laboratory studies to reduce alcohol self administration during withdrawal. This class of drugs are not presently available for clinical use.
-
Downloadable PDFs
-
A dopamine agonist bromocriptine is an effective treatment for alcohol abuse.
Bromocriptine Is an Effective Treatment for Alcohol Abuse -
The dopamine agonist bromocriptine is more effective in individuals with the risk allele of the dopamine D2 receptor.
Bromocriptine decreases craving in alcoholic subjects with the Taq 1A allele -
The serotonin 3 receptor antagonist ondansetron is more effective in early onset alcoholics.
Ondansetron, a Serotonin 3 Receptor Antagonist, is a More Effective Treatment in Early Onset Alcoholics Than Late Onset Alcoholics -
Varenicline reduces alcohol intake.
A Possible Treatment for Alcoholism: Reducing Efficacy of the Nicotine Acetylcholine Receptor Reduces Ethanol Intake -
Varenicline reduces alcohol craving and drinking in smokers.
Varenicline Reduces Alcohol Induced Subjective Alcohol Craving and Other Alcohol Subjective Effects and Reduces Alcohol Drinking in Heavy Drinkers who Smoke -
A NMDA receptor antagonist reduces craving.
The N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid (NMDA) Receptor Antagonist Reduces Alcohol Craving -
Antagonism of CRF receptors reduces alcohol intake during withdrawal.
Antagonism of Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor-1 Receptors Reduces Ethanol Self-Administration during Ethanol Withdrawal
Skip to
CURRENT LESSON OBJECTIVES
- List the 4 questions use in the CAGE questionnaire to screen for problem drinkers.
- Describe the use of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).
- Interpret the scoring of the AUDIT and other screening instruments.
- List the 7 criteria used for making a diagnosis of alcohol dependence.
- What are the 4 criteria for alcohol abuse?
- Define the terms hazardous alcohol use and harmful alcohol use.
- List physical signs and laboratory tests that assist in making a diagnosis.
- List brief interventions for alcohol use disorders and 5 behavioral therapies.
- What are the medications used to treat alcohol dependence?
- What strategies can individuals use to reduce drinking?
- List self help groups useful in the treatment of alcohol problems.
- 12. Describe the 12 steps of alcoholics anonymous (AA) and the factors involved
RELATED RESOURCES
Related Clinical Cases
- Adolescent Drinking (Sneaky Teen is Not Squeeky Clean)
- Alcohol Withdrawal focuses on
- Binge Drinking in College (Rebel Without a Cause)
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) focuses on
Related Quizzes
- Alcohol and accidents focuses on
- Alcohol and adolescence focuses on
- Alcohol Genetics focuses on
- Alcohol withdrawal focuses on
- Diagnosis and treatment focuses on
- Epidemiology
- Fetal alcohol syndrome focuses on
- Medical complications
- Neurobiology focuses on
- Pharmacology and acute effects alcohol
- Regular drinking focuses on