What evidence of food addiction exists in humans?

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  • Using fMRI scanning, individuals with greater food scores (seediagnosis section for information on YFAS scoring) have also been shown to have greater activation of motivation-related brain regions when anticipating highly palatable food, similar todrug-addicted individuals when viewing cues associated witha drug. As eating for pleasure, rather than survival, becomes more prevalent, neuroimaging changes similar to drugs of abuse are found. Both obese and drug-addicted individuals suffer from impairments in dopaminergic pathways that regulate neuronal systems associated not only with reward sensitivity and incentive motivation, but also with memory/learning, impulse control, stress reactivity, and awareness. References

    1. Wang GJ, Geliebter A, Volkow ND, et al. Enhanced striatal dopamine release during food stimulation in binge eating disorder. Obesity 2011; 19(8), 1601-1608.
    1. Gearhardt AN, Davis C, Kuschner R, Brownell KD. The addiction potential of hyperpalatable foods. Curr drug abuse reviews. Sep 2011; 4(3), 140-145.
    1. Cambridge VC, Ziauddeen H, Nathan PJ, et al. Neural and Behavioral effects of a novel mu opioid receptor antagonist in binge-eating obese people. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73, 887-894.
    1. Kanoski SE, Fortin SM, Ricks KM, Grill HJ. Ghrelin Signaling in the Ventral Hippocampus Stimulates Learned and Motivational Aspects of Feeding via PI3K-Akt Signaling. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73, 915-923.
    1. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Tomasi D, Baler R. Food and drug reward: overlapping circuits in human obesity and addiction. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2012; 11, 1-24.

    Binge Eaters Have Greater Dopamine Release
    Binge Eaters Have Greater Dopamine Release
  • VTA dopamine neurons project to several brain areas including the basal ganglia that contains the caudate nucleus.

    Dopamine Projections
    Dopamine Projections